Free Essays on Picture of Dorian Gray: Tthe Seduction of the Reader :: The Picture of Dorian Gray Essays

The Picture of Dorian Gray and the Seduction of the Reader "To reveal art and conceal the artist is art's aim," writes Oscar Wilde in the famous preface of his classic novel The Picture of Dorian Gray. One might find it a bit ironic the fact that posterity always has looked upon this book as being more or less an autobiography. Wilde was surrounded by scandals until his death, stirring the strict, Victorian society he lived in with his homosexual bent and libertine views on life. The Picture of Dorian Gray was therefore also regarded by many people as "highly immoral" and has probably earned the title "classic" years after the author's death. With rarely less than two cogent aphorisms per page, it is hard not finding myriads of subtle meanings in the text, why I am only focusing on the main themes I found interesting. The obsession of aestheticism and beauty runs all through the story in a kind of contradictory way. Oscar Wilde states in the preface: "Those who find ugly meanings in beautiful things are corrupt without being charming. This is a fault. Those who find beautiful meanings in beautiful things are the cultivated. For these there is hope." With this he means that one should not, for example, judge a piece of art on a moral basis; the art is only there for being aesthetically admired and one should only be enchanted with its beauty, not let oneself be misled by a deeper idea behind it. At the same time, he lets his protagonist Dorian Gray suffer the penalty for his narcissistic behaviour by killing him off at the end of the book, giving the reader the opposite message - that beauty after all is nothing to strive for. Also, Wilde lets the painting of Dorian become a symbol of the young man's degeneration, showing very well the immorality of his life through a work of art. It is like Wilde means to tell us that art indeed has its important place among people, and beauty is seducing to the viewer. However it is temporary, dangerous, and powerful enough to spoil the life of a man. One must know how to look upon beauty to be able to love it without succumbing to it. As Oscar Wilde was a confirmed aesthete himself, this conclusion may appear paradoxical, but it should be mentioned that not much in this book is not. Free Essays on Picture of Dorian Gray: Tthe Seduction of the Reader :: The Picture of Dorian Gray Essays The Picture of Dorian Gray and the Seduction of the Reader "To reveal art and conceal the artist is art's aim," writes Oscar Wilde in the famous preface of his classic novel The Picture of Dorian Gray. One might find it a bit ironic the fact that posterity always has looked upon this book as being more or less an autobiography. Wilde was surrounded by scandals until his death, stirring the strict, Victorian society he lived in with his homosexual bent and libertine views on life. The Picture of Dorian Gray was therefore also regarded by many people as "highly immoral" and has probably earned the title "classic" years after the author's death. With rarely less than two cogent aphorisms per page, it is hard not finding myriads of subtle meanings in the text, why I am only focusing on the main themes I found interesting. The obsession of aestheticism and beauty runs all through the story in a kind of contradictory way. Oscar Wilde states in the preface: "Those who find ugly meanings in beautiful things are corrupt without being charming. This is a fault. Those who find beautiful meanings in beautiful things are the cultivated. For these there is hope." With this he means that one should not, for example, judge a piece of art on a moral basis; the art is only there for being aesthetically admired and one should only be enchanted with its beauty, not let oneself be misled by a deeper idea behind it. At the same time, he lets his protagonist Dorian Gray suffer the penalty for his narcissistic behaviour by killing him off at the end of the book, giving the reader the opposite message - that beauty after all is nothing to strive for. Also, Wilde lets the painting of Dorian become a symbol of the young man's degeneration, showing very well the immorality of his life through a work of art. It is like Wilde means to tell us that art indeed has its important place among people, and beauty is seducing to the viewer. However it is temporary, dangerous, and powerful enough to spoil the life of a man. One must know how to look upon beauty to be able to love it without succumbing to it. As Oscar Wilde was a confirmed aesthete himself, this conclusion may appear paradoxical, but it should be mentioned that not much in this book is not.

Traffic Problem

Interstate 80, seen here in Berkeley, California, is a freeway with many lanes and heavy traffic. Traffic on roads may consist of pedestrians, ridden or herded animals, vehicles, streetcars and other conveyances, either singly or together, while using the public way for purposes of travel. Traffic laws are the laws which govern traffic and regulate vehicles, while rules of the road are both the laws and the informal rules that may have developed over time to facilitate the orderly and timely flow of traffic. Organized traffic generally has well-established priorities, lanes, right-of-way, and traffic control at intersections.Traffic is formally organized in many jurisdictions, with marked lanes, junctions, intersections, interchanges, traffic signals, or signs. Traffic is often classified by type: heavy motor vehicle (e.g., car, truck); other vehicle (e.g., moped, bicycle); and pedestrian. Different classes may share speed limits and easement, or may be segregated. Some jurisdictions may have very detailed and complex rules of the road while others rely more on drivers' common sense and willingness to cooperate. Organization typically produces a better combination of travel safety and efficiency.Events which disrupt the flow and may cause traffic to degenerate into a disorganized mess include: road construction, collisions and debris in the roadway. On particularly busy freeways, a minor disruption may persist in a phenomenon known as traffic waves. A complete breakdown of organization may result in traffic congestion andgridlock. Simulations of organized traffic frequently involve queuing theory, stochastic processes and equations of mathematical physics applied totraffic flow. Traffic in English is taken from the Arabic word taraffaqa, which means to walk along slowly together.Contents1 Rules of the road 1.1 Directionality 1.2 Traffic regulations 2 Organized traffic 2.1 Priority (right of way) 2.1.1 Uncontrolled traffic 2.2 Turning 2.2.1 Intersections 2.2.2 P edestrian crossings 2.3 Level crossings 2.4 Speed limits 2.5 Overtaking 2.5.1 Lanes 2.6 One-way roadways 2.6.1 High-speed roads 2.6.2 One-way streets 3 Congested traffic 3.1 Rush hour 4 Congestion mitigation 4.1 Rush hour policies 4.2 Pre-emption 4.3 Intelligent transportation systems 5 Future of congestion mitigation 6 See also 7 References 8 External links 9 Further reading Rules of the road[edit]Traffic controller in Chicago, Michigan AvenueTraffic control in Rome, Italy. This traffic control podium can retract back to road level when not in use. Rules of the road and driving etiquette are the general practices and procedures that road users are required to follow. These rules usually apply to all road users, though they are of special importance to motorists and cyclists. These rules govern interactions between vehicles and with pedestrians. The basic traffic rules are defined by aninternational treaty under the authority of the United Nations, the 1968 Vienna Convention on Road Traffic.Not all countries are signatory to the convention and, even among signatories, local variations in practice may be found. There are also unwritten local rules of the road, which are generally understood by local drivers. As a general rule, drivers are  expected to avoid a collision with another vehicle and pedestrians, regardless of whether or not the applicable rules of the road allow them to be where they happen to be.In addition to the rules applicable by default, traffic signs and traffic lights must be obeyed, and instructions may be given by a police officer, either routinely (on a busy crossing instead of traffic lights) or as road traffic control around a construction zone, accident, or other road disruption. These rules should be distinguished from the mechanical procedures required to operate one's vehicle. Seedriving. DirectionalityMain articles: Bidirectional traffic and right- and left-hand traffic Traffic going in opposite directions should be separated in s uch a way that they do not block each other's way. The most basic rule is whether to use the left or right side of the road. Traffic regulationsSee also: Category:Rules of the roadIn many countries, the rules of the road are codified, setting out the legal requirements and punishments for breaking them. In the United Kingdom, the rules are set out in the Highway Code, which includes obligations but also advice on how to drive sensibly and safely. In the United States, traffic laws are regulated by the states and municipalities through their respective traffic codes. Most of these are based at least in part on the Uniform Vehicle Code, but there are variations from state to state. In states such as Florida, traffic law and criminal law are separate, therefore, unless someone flees a scene of an accident, commits vehicular homicide or manslaughter, they are only guilty of a minor traffic offense. However, states such as South Carolina have completely criminalized their traffic law, so , for example, you are guilty of a misdemeanor simply for travelling 5 miles over the speed limit.Organized trafficPriority (right of way)[edit] See also: Right-of-way (disambiguation) Vehicles often come into conflict with other vehicles and pedestrians because their intended courses of travel intersect, and thus interfere with each other's routes. The general principle that establishes who has the right to  go first is called â€Å"right of way†, or â€Å"priority†. It establishes who has the right to use the conflicting part of the road and who has to wait until the other does so. Signs, signals, markings and other features are often used to make priority explicit. Some signs, such as the stop sign, are nearly universal.When there are no signs or markings, different rules are observed depending on the location. These default priority rules differ between countries, and may even vary within countries. Trends toward uniformity are exemplified at an international lev el by the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals, which prescribes standardized traffic control devices (signs, signals, and markings) for establishing the right of way where necessary. Crosswalks (or pedestrian crossings) are common in populated areas, and may indicate that pedestrians have priority over vehicular traffic. In most modern cities, the traffic signal is used to establish the right of way on the busy roads.Its primary purpose is to give each road a duration of time in which its traffic may use the intersection in an organized way. The intervals of time assigned for each road may be adjusted to take into account factors such as difference in volume of traffic, the needs of pedestrians, or other traffic signals. Pedestrian crossings may be located near other traffic control devices; if they are not also regulated in some way, vehicles must give priority to them when in use. Traffic on a public road usually has priority over other traffic such as traffic emerging fro m private access; rail crossings and drawbridgesare typical exceptions.Uncontrolled trafficUncontrolled traffic comes in the absence of lane markings and traffic control signals. On roads without marked lanes, drivers tend to keep to the appropriate side if the road is wide enough. Drivers frequently overtake others. Obstructions are common. Intersections have no signals or signage, and a particular road at a busy intersection may be dominant – that is, its traffic flows – until a break in traffic, at which time the dominance shifts to the other road where vehicles are queued. At the intersection of two perpendicular roads, a traffic jam may result if four vehicles face each other side-on.Traffic ProblemsTraffic congestion in many cities around the world is severe. One possible solution to this problem is to impose heavy taxes on cardrivers and use this money to make public transport better. This essay will discuss the benefits and drawbacks of such a measure. One of t he first benefits of such a measure is that the heavy taxes would discourage car owners from using their cars because it would become very expensive to drive. This would mean that they would begin to make use of public transport instead, thus reducing traffic problems and pollution as well. Another benefit would be that much more use would be made of public transport if it was improved. It is often the case that public transport in cities is very poor.For example, we often see old buses and trains that people would rather not use. High taxes would generate enough money to make the necessary changes. Nevertheless, there are drawbacks to such a solution. First and foremost, this would be a heavy burden on the car drivers. At present, taxes are already high for a lot of people, and so further taxes would only mean less money at the end of the month for most people who may have no choice but to drive every day. In addition, this type of tax would likely be set at a fixed amount. This wo uld mean that it would hit those with less money harder, whilst the rich could likely afford it. It is therefore not a fair tax. To conclude, this solution is worth considering to improve the current situation, but there are advantages and disadvantages of introducing such a policy.Traffic managementCreating a travel planOne of the most effective ways to ease traffic congestion at schools is to reduce the number of cars coming and going from your school. Boards of trustees can encourage students and staff to walk, cycle, take public transport, ride the school bus, participate in a walking school bus or car pool to school. Another way to manage traffic is to prepare a travel plan for traffic movement in and around the school, parking and pedestrians. Developing a travel plan with your community will get people thinking about alternative options for getting to and from school.Complete the Traffic management checklist [Word; 92kb] before preparing the travel plan. Guidance on developin g a travel plan is available at: NZ Transport Agency – provides a guide for developing school travel plans and organising a walking school bus Safe Kids New Zealand – has resources for educators about keeping kids safe including child pedestrian safety NZPolice – has a School Road SafetyEducation programme which teaches young people road safety skills. Check with your local council as they often have information about safety on the road. For example, Auckland Transport has information about road safety, walking and cycling, and encouraging students to use alternative transportation; Christchurch City Council has a programme called Safe Routes to Schools which investigates road safety issues in school communities and develops strategies to encourage safe and active travel to school. Improving traffic movement through the schoolA good system for dropping off and picking up students will help manage traffic around and through the school. The system will depend upon the school, for example, if the school is located in an urban area with busy streets, coordinating traffic in and out of the school during peak times is critical, otherwise drivers are tempted to park illegally in the surrounding neighbourhood. Illegal practices include double parking and parking on yellow lines, across driveways, and near crossings. Many drivers justify this behaviour because they are only parked for a short time and they usually stay with the car. However, this practice is irritating for neighbours and unsafe for other road users. Traffic movement checklistA good traffic system through the school includes: car traffic flows in a clearly marked oneway direction pedestrian access points located separately from car access points the bus bay is separated from car and pedestrian access points an off-street drop-off/pick-up zone staff station at key points to manage traffic flow car access separate from the car park. If your school does not have land available to creat e an on-site drop-off/pick-up zone, you can contact the local council and ask for a dedicated kerbside access area on an adjacent street, if there are traffic issues. An example of an efficient traffic systemOther ideas for improving the flow of traffic include: staggering start and finish times for different year groups having staff to manage drop-offs and pick-ups at peak times will encourage  cars to move along and not park. Paying for work to improve traffic systemsBoards can use Five Year Agreement (5YA) funding for work to improve traffic systems on their school site. Work needs to be planned in the 10 Year Property Plan (10YPP), and budgeted within the available 5YA funding. Car parkingBoards of trustees should have a parking policy about who can use the car parks on the school site. The policy will usually provide for staff and some visitors' car parks. It is likely that there are not enough parks for students at a secondary school, which can create congestion in the neigh bourhood. Schools can to talk to their local council, including parking enforcement officers familiar with the area, for ideas about managing the school’s parking issues. New car parksThe need for new or upgraded car parks may be triggered by new teaching spaces for roll growth space. In the new teaching spaces budget, boards are given a site works allowance for each roll growth classroom to pay for new car parks. The Ministry does not have a policy on the number of car parks schools should have, but local councils may have requirements in their District Plans that kick in when the school applies for building consent for a roll growth room or other type of project.The council may require a traffic impact assessment. If the costs of new parks exceed the site works allowance, either because of the number required by the council or their cost, then additional funding will be considered. If the board wants car parks in excess of the council requirement, this must be funded throug h 5YA.Special events – parkingSpecial events can cause parking problems. Ideas to manage these problems include: encouraging people to walk, car pool or use public transport opening up some of the grounds, such as playing fields or tennis courts, to provide extra parking arranging the use of nearby parking facilities  arranging the use of remote parking facilities and provide shuttles to the event employing staff to direct traffic.Traffic impact assessments When a school applies for a building consent for a new building project the council may ask for a traffic impact assessment. The council will want to know if the proposed project will generate extra traffic and a need for additional parking, and how the school intends to manage the changes in traffic or parking. For larger projects, the council may require a professionally-prepared traffic impact assessment with an engineer’s report. Ask your council for names of companies who carry out these assessments or search the internet for traffic assessment consultants.Traffic requirements vary depending on what the council has in their district plan. Some councils may require more parking spaces to be provided and some may have traffic requirements depending on the educational use, breaking them down by primary, secondary and tertiary institutions. Other councils may have more general requirements. Schools will have to convince the council they are managing parking and traffic flows – having a good travel plan and traffic system will help. Boards should ensure their school community are not causing traffic and parking problems for neighbours because those neighbours may object to a school’s building consent application. Traffic management checklistThe following checklist will be helpful: before starting the travel plan for use by the professional consultant hired to prepare a traffic impact assessment – the assessment should address these issues as a minimum and providing this information will reduce the time and therefore cost of a consultant.

Historical and Modern Terrorist Groups by Type

While there is no universally agreed-upon or legally binding definition of a terrorist act, the U.S. gives it a good try in Title 22 Chapter 38 U.S. Code  § 2656f, by defining  terrorism as an act of premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents.  Or, in brief, the use of violence or threat of violence in the pursuit of political, religious, ideological, or social objectives. What we do know is that terrorism is nothing new. Even a cursory glance over the centuries reveals a startling list of groups for whom some form of violence is justified to  achieve  social, political, and religious change. Terrorism in Early History Most of us think of terrorism as a modern phenomenon. After all, many of the terrorist groups listed below rely or have relied on the mass media to spread their message through non-stop coverage. However, there are some pre-modern groups who used terror to achieve their ends, and who are often considered precursors to modern terrorists. For instance, the Sicarii, organized in the first century in Judea to protest Roman rule or the Thugee cult of assassins in ancient India who wreaked havoc and destruction in the name of Kali. Socialist/Communist Many groups committed to socialist revolution or the establishment of socialist or communist states arose in the last half of the 20th century, and many are now defunct. The most prominent included: Baader-Meinhof Group  (Germany; renamed Red Army Faction but defunct as of 1998)  Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP)Red Brigades (Italy)Revolutionary Struggle (Greece)Shining Path (Peru)Weather Underground Organization (United States) National Liberation National liberation is historically among the most potent reasons that extremist groups turn to violence to achieve their aims. There are many of these groups, but they have included: ETA (Basque)Fatah (PLO) (Palestinian)Irgun (Zionist)IRA (Irish)(Kurdish)Tamil Tigers (Sri Lankan Tamils) Religious-Political There has been a rise in religiosity globally since the 1970s and, with it, a rise in what many analysts call religious terrorism. It would be more accurate to call groups such as Al Qaeda religious-political, or religious-nationalist. We call them religious because they use a religious idiom and shape their mandate in divine terms. Their goals, however, are political: recognition, power, territory, concessions from states, and the like. Historically, such groups have included: Al Qaeda (transnational, Islamist)Aum Shinrikyo (renamed Aleph; Japanese, with various influences, including Hindu and Buddhist)Ku Klux Klan (U.S.,  Christian)Abu Sayyaf  (Philippines,  Islamist)Egyptian Islamic JihadHamas (Palestinian,  Islamist) (Hamas is designated by the U.S. and other governments as a terrorist group, but it is also the elected government of the Palestinian Authority)Hezbollah (Hezbollah is designated as a terrorist organization by the U.S. and other governments, but others argue it should be considered a movement, rather than a terrorist group) State Terrorism Most states and transnational organizations (like the United Nations) define terrorists as non-state actors. This is often a highly contentious issue, and there are long-standing debates in the international sphere over a few states in particular. For instance, Iran and other Islamic states have long accused Israel of supporting terrorist acts in the surrounding settlements, Gaza, and elsewhere. Israel, on the other hand, contends it is fighting for its right to exist free of terror.  There are some states or state actions in history over which theres no dispute, though, such as in Nazi Germany or Stalinist Russia.

The Direct Genetic Loci Accounting For Schizophrenia s...

Conclusion The direct genetic loci accounting for schizophrenia’s heritability is still unidentified. The mental illness affects approximately 3.5million Americans and 1 percent of the worldwide population today. The variable related to the disease is so widely ranged that literally anyone can have some form of potential risk. Compared to other mental disorders, schizophrenia is unique to having a combination of many different environmental, genetic, and biological factors. The exact cause of the disease is still unknown, but studies such as biometric and molecular screenings have proved genetic and biological factors, combined with environmental factors, is strongly connected to the etiology of the disease. Although schizophrenia is more commonly manifested during young adulthood, scientists believes, a variety of pre-birth factors are linked to the development of the disease. There are several prenatal factors that have a higher relative risk to the progression of schizophrenia as rec orded by scientists. Although not proven, studies suggests time of birth, place of birth, infections during pregnancy, stress, malnourishment, and rh incompatibility are increased risk factors that shed light on possible causations of schizophrenia. Many studies are indefinite due to the latency, methodology, and of the disease, more research need to be established. Time of Birth The time leading to conception until birth is a very demanding and sensitive duration on the mental and

The Treatment Of Opioid Addiction - 1415 Words

You likely purchased this book because you or someone you care about is struggling with addiction. I suspect you are searching for help but don’t know where to find guidance based on reliable scientific principles. The information in this book will provide that guidance. There are many options for the treatment of opioid addiction. Those proven safe and effective are remarkably helpful. Others do not come with proof of effectiveness or safety and may do far more harm than good. Snake oil remedies have no place in the treatment of opioid addiction, an illness that can literally claim a life in a heartbeat and does so more than 50 times every day. The treatment options I describe are based on sound scientific principles. We call this evidence-based medicine, in that carefully controlled studies or years of use have proven the treatments effective and safe under the care of a licensed healthcare provider. I believe The Pain of Painkillers and The Hell of Heroin can be helpful in your time of need. This book is a distillation of what I have learned as a physician treating addiction for more than thirty years. Take advantage of what I have to offer. Read each chapter in the order presented. Appendix H: â€Å"Reader Resources† provides an extensive list of additional readings. I often refer to many of these resources because our knowledge of addiction is constantly changing. I learn something new each time I meet with a patient or read a scientific article on addiction. Whether youShow MoreRelatedTreatment Options For Opioid Addiction1422 Words   |  6 Pagesmore likely to relapse .1 Opioid addiction is defined as a pleasurable compulsive act that some may define as a disease. Unfortunately, treatment options for opioid addiction requires compliance by the patient in order to successfully overcome addiction. 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The question of whether or not heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) or methadone-assisted treatment (MAT) for drug addiction is morally or ethically sound boils down to two key componentRead MoreDenton Treatment Services Treats Clients Of Opioid Addictions1954 Words   |  8 PagesDenton Treatment Services treats clients of opioid addictions in the Denton County area. The area is known to be populated with many types of opioid addictions including heroin, cocaine, cannabis, amphetamines, methamphetamines, etc. Rehabilitation programs offered consist of detoxification, halfway house, Naltrexone (oral), Substance Abuse Treatment, and Vivitrol (Injectable Naltrexone). The treatment center is methadone based which means that they provide an alternative drug to manage withdrawalRead MoreUse And Prescribing Methods Of Opioids1158 Words   |   5 Pagesmethods of opioids. The positive effects of opioids as well as the negative effects are taken into account. In one study, conducted by Furlan, Sandoval, Mailis-Gagnon, and Tunks (2006), opioids were effective in the treatment of CNCP overall. However according to David N. Juurlink (2012), more recent and more rigorous studies suggest that opioid use disorders occur in up to one-third of patients on chronic opioid therapy. So abuse and addiction are likely to occur in people taking opioids long termRead MoreA Short Note On Opioid Addictive Brain Disease1663 Words   |  7 Pages Opioid Addictive Brain Disease Celina Covi Denver School of Nursing â€Æ' Abstract Addiction is a brain disease that affects neurochemical and physiological components of brain function. Kreek, Levran, Reed, Schlussman, Zhau, and Butelman (2012) found some individuals are genetically predisposed to addictive brain disease due to polymorphism of many genes, especially those involved in encoding opioid receptors and ligands. 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Pain that is reported by the patient is subjective and cannot be measured directly making it challenging to treat without producing addiction. Prescribed painkillers abuse has been linked to heroin addiction. Both prescribed opioids and heroinRead MoreSubstance Abuse And The United States1210 Words   |  5 PagesUnited States. Opiate addiction is a particularly difficult problem in the State of Vermont where the abuse of prescription opioids has created addictions for many individuals. The problem of substance abuse has severe repercussions that may encompass severe dependence and overdose.1 Substance abuse is an epidemic that cannot be igno red. However, the combined forces of over-prescription, addiction and subsequent unemployment may mean that coverage for treatment for opioid addiction is not guaranteedRead MorePrescribing Drugs1711 Words   |  7 PagesSince this was discovered doctors became less willing to prescribe these types of easily abused pain relievers. Those who already became addicted to opioids and other drugs needed to obtain the drug in any way possible in order to satisfy their addiction. As mentioned by Manchikanti and Singh, people turned to doing heroine since it is the same type of opioid drug as the prescription medications they were abusing (2008). Another possible causation of the recent increase in heroin users is the fact thatRead MoreAddiction And Its Effects On Addiction1226 Words   |  5 Pagesamount of knowledge on addiction, effects of addiction, and medication used to treat addiction. Reviewing the literature explains the definition of addiction, whether it is a choice or compulsi on, and specific medications used to treat dependence. Overall, using substances is a choice but addictive qualities are compulsions. Research has proven that medications are widely effective in treating substance abuse. Purpose The literature’s purpose is to inform its reader of addiction, the risks and consequences

Critical Appriciation of the Two Minuets Hate in 1984 Free Essays

Write a critical appreciation of pages 16-18 â€Å"in its second†¦ uttering a prayer†. How does the two minutes hate contribute to your understanding of the nightmare world in which Winston lives? The two minutes hate is almost a celebration of a cult, a sort of gathering of religious fanatics to honour their ruler, Big Brother. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Appriciation of the Two Minuets Hate in 1984 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Orwell uses it to show the expressions of anarchy amongst the ‘leaping and shouting’ people and how this would be their only chance to express their human feelings in the nightmare society in which they are forced to live. Winston’s dystopian world is displayed in Orwell’s unsympathetic parody of the two minutes silence in commemoration of WWII and epitomises the ‘frenzy’ of emotions, the terror and violent culture that Winston has to tolerate. His elaborate view of religious or political fanatics scrutinises these kinds of obsessions and demonstrates how it can over-power a person’s life. Control is one of the main components of the two minutes hate. The people are helpless, they are ‘like that of a landed fish’ in the robotic machine that is Big Brother. They cannot escape from ‘the voice’ that ‘continued inexorably’ and there is no escapism to be had in the ‘frenzy’ of voices yelling at the screen. This reflects a nightmare that is inescapable until we awake. Winston longs to awaken in a society capable of love, without suffering, but it seems he knows that can never arise. The world for Winston is a steady destruction of all good virtues and basic human rights that they are so cruelly being denied, which is shown so clearly through this extract. Winston finds it ‘impossible to avoid joining in’. This reflects the lack of control he has in all elements of his nightmarish life. The sheer violence of the episode overwhelms Winston’s mentality and creates an isolation of his mind to the rest of the ‘sheep’ and is inescapable. He has the power to rebel, although he submits to a ‘hideous ecstasy of fear and vindictiveness, a desire to kill, to torture, to smash faces in with a sledge hammer’. This juxtaposition of hideousness and ecstasy shows Winston’s abhorrence is all towards the party and Big Brother instead of the loathed Goldstein. In Winston’s conscious mind he changes into a ‘grimacing, screaming lunatic’ and is capable of switching his hate ‘from one object to another’. These images are distinctive of a dystopian novel and relates to the time of obsession and paranoia that was experienced during World War II, when the novel was written. Winston’s hate develops into an ‘inescapable’ sexual lust for ‘the black haired girl’. He describes his desire to ‘flog her to death’ and how it would be a ‘beautiful’ sight. This contradiction is Winston’s flicker of rebellion against the ‘sinister enchanter’ that is Big Brother. This introduces the theme of love versus hate, which is explored throughout the rest of the novel. The pointlessness of the hate strikes Winston as we see Winston’s weakness; he has a perplexed mind that cannot comprehend the point to the rage inflicted upon Goldstein. The fickleness of the Party members distresses Winston ‘the sandy haired woman shouting what sounded like â€Å"my Saviour†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ as he seems to realise the stupidity of the ‘frenzy’. Orwell contradicts the whole of the Party’s endeavour to create a ‘perfect’ world and stamp out all feelings, as ‘his heart went out to the lonely, derided, heretic on the screen’. Winston is conveying how he is himself a ‘heretic’ and rebelling against the beloved Big Brother which we see later in the novel also as Winston recognizes his rebellious potential. This shows his refusal of living ‘in a world of lies’. This ‘world’ epitomises the depression of Winston’s nightmare and the society he exists in and at this point, Winston becomes ‘at one with the people about him’, his mind is distorted ‘and all that was said of Goldstein seemed to him to be true’. Winston’s seemingly only flaw it that subconsciously he switches his thoughts from one side to another and it is only ‘the black haired girl’ who lays bare his real personality and sets him straight. The two minutes hate represents Orwell’s character and his novel as a whole as we see his hate for the outward expression of human feelings and his ultimate desire for control. We find his detestation of religious extremists on course throughout the novel, which replicates its dark and dystopian themes. He has channelled his hate in to his work and through what may indeed be a representation of the author himself, Winston’s Character. Every element of hope is lost for Winston during the two minutes hate. This raises our understanding of an embodiment of a nightmare world that hopelessly celebrates a religious cult and its inescapable anarchy, which will ultimately have its revenge on Winston’s mutinous mind. How to cite Critical Appriciation of the Two Minuets Hate in 1984, Papers

Anabolic Steroids Essay Blake Barton Example For Students

Anabolic Steroids Essay Blake Barton Anabolic SteroidsDescription:Anabolic steroids are performance enhancing drugs. They are asynthetic form of the chemical testosterone that is normally found in the body. By taking anabolic steroids, a persons testosterone level can be raised up to ahundred times more than the usual amount of 2.5 to 10 mg. Per day. The increasein testosterone increases anabolic activity, which results in greater musclebulk. It also increases protein synthesis and androgenic activity (enhancedsecondary sexual characteristics) in males. The users of steroids want toincrease the anabolic effects and reduce the androgenic effects, but no steroidis known to have just anabolic effects. Use:Anabolic steroids can be taken in two ways, by injection or they can betaken orally. Both oral and injected steroids carry benefits and adverseeffects. Orally taken steroids are well absorbed into the stomach and they areexcreted fairly rapidly. The bad side of taking oral steroids is that they aremore toxic than injected steroids. They are highly potent, which makes the riskof overdosing very high. Steroids that are injected are less toxic to the liverand are less potent than oral steroids on an equal dosage basis. Injectedsteroids have a delayed take up, which makes them last longer. It also allowsthem to be detected in drug tests for a longer period of time. How they work in the body:When anabolic steroids are introduced into the body, under certainconditions they increase: protein synthesis, lean body mass, and the nitrogenbalance in the body. A steroid receptor is formed which stimulates thesynthesis of enzymes. With the stimulus of enzymes in the body, proteinsynthesis is also increased. One enzyme system that is placed into the body bythe receptor is the ribonucleic acid (RNA)-polymerose system. This systempromotes cellular protein metabolism and synthesis which utilizes nitrogen. Byutilizing the nitrogen, the anabolic action is increased, which leads to largermuscle size and strength. Anabolic steroids also increase nitrogen retention inthe body. They move the nitrogen equilibrium to the positive side. This allowsthe body to utilize ingested protein better, but the balance does not lastforever. The bodys homeostatic mechanisms regulate the balance and change itback to normal. This is one set back to anabolic steroid use. In order to gainlean body mass a person may have to eat up to 10,000 calories / day and mustcontinue a rigorous weight training program. If this is not followed, takingthe steroids would be worthless. Adverse Effects:Despite the increase in muscle size and strength, anabolic steroidscarry an even greater risk, the side effects. The side effects can be permanentor even deadly. Serious side effects are seen in the liver, the cardiovascular,central nervous and reproductive/endocrine systems. One major side effect that can be found in the liver is hepatotoxicity. This is the poisoning of the liver. It shuts down the livers ability toprocess blood, which in turn shuts down the whole body. Prolonged use ofanabolic steroids can cause cholestosis and jaundice (yellowish coloring of theeyes, skin and body fluids). Even though most adverse side effects in the liverare reversible upon discontinuation of steroids, fatalities can occur. Thefatalities occur from hepatic cholestosis, liver tumors or peliosis hepatitis(blood filled cysts that can rupture and cause bleeding and liver failure). Very noticeable effects occur in the reproductive system. In males thetesticles shrink by about 20%. They become impotent. Their sperm count candecrease by 90%. Also gynecomastia can be seen in males. Gynecomastia is theenlargement of the breasts. One adverse effect that can be seen in both malesand females using steroids is inappropriate hair growth. In females, anabolicsteroids can cause irregularities in their menstrual cycles. It causes thefemale voice to deepen and clitoral hypertrophy. Clitoral hypertrophy is theenlargement of the clitoris. Many of these things are irreversible, but somecan be changed with the discontinuation of steroid use. .ue3a7362307b2320e3d20d4b4aad9245a , .ue3a7362307b2320e3d20d4b4aad9245a .postImageUrl , .ue3a7362307b2320e3d20d4b4aad9245a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue3a7362307b2320e3d20d4b4aad9245a , .ue3a7362307b2320e3d20d4b4aad9245a:hover , .ue3a7362307b2320e3d20d4b4aad9245a:visited , .ue3a7362307b2320e3d20d4b4aad9245a:active { border:0!important; } .ue3a7362307b2320e3d20d4b4aad9245a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue3a7362307b2320e3d20d4b4aad9245a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue3a7362307b2320e3d20d4b4aad9245a:active , .ue3a7362307b2320e3d20d4b4aad9245a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue3a7362307b2320e3d20d4b4aad9245a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue3a7362307b2320e3d20d4b4aad9245a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue3a7362307b2320e3d20d4b4aad9245a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue3a7362307b2320e3d20d4b4aad9245a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue3a7362307b2320e3d20d4b4aad9245a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue3a7362307b2320e3d20d4b4aad9245a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue3a7362307b2320e3d20d4b4aad9245a .ue3a7362307b2320e3d20d4b4aad9245a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue3a7362307b2320e3d20d4b4aad9245a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Business law EssayIn the cardiovascular system adverse effects can be very deadly. Whentaking steroids an increase in LDL (low density lipoprotein) cholesterol and adecrease in HDL (high density lipoprotein) cholesterol occurs in the bloodstream. This can carry a risk of coronary heart disease and myocardial infarctions. They can also cause retention of fluids. High blood pressure can cause anincreased risk of congestive heart failure and strokes. The adverse effects in the musculoskeletal systems are not lifethreatening, but they are very noticeable. Younger steroids users can have apremature closure of the epiphyses (growth plates) in the long bones. Thisirreversibly limits the full adult height potential. With the use of steroids,muscle/tendon strength changes. The muscles become stronger, but the tendonsbecome stiffer and less able to withstand force. This causes an increase inmuscle strains or ruptures. The central nervous system is also effected by the use of steroids. Inthe person taking steroids, aggressive behavior, self confidence and a sense ofwell being are seen. Also manic mood swings can occur. These mood swings canrange from euphoria to sexual arousal to irritability and hostility. Cognitiveimpairment can also set in on the user. Cognitive impairment can involvedistractibility, forgetfulness, and confusion. History:The use of steroids is nothing new to the world. Since the time of theGreek Olympics athletes have been using performance enhancing drugs in order toheighten their athletic performance. In 1886 the 1st person to die due toperformance enhancing drugs was a French cyclist. He took a speed-ball, a mixof cocaine and heroin, which eventually killed him. Physicians in the 20s rantests on athletes by inserting monkey testicles into male athletes to help boosttheir vitality. Adolf Hitler supposedly administered the hormone testosteroneto himself and his troops in order to increase aggressiveness. In 1953 thefirst anabolic steroid was introduced. It had five times more strength buildingeffects than natural hormones. In the 1960s the IOC (International OlympicCommittee) started to ban performance enhancing drugs due to their popular use. At the 1976 summer games in Montreal, the IOC initiated the first testing forsteroids. Today testing is done routinely on the collegiate and internationallevel. The USOC (United States Olympic Committee) can suspend an athlete for upto two years if caught using steroids. Repeat offenders may be suspended fromcompeting on the Olympic level for life. The NCAA does year round testingregardless if the athlete is in season or not. Selected teams are notified twodays in advance of being tested, and 18 players are tested at that time. Positive testing results in a one year suspension of the student athlete. Signs of use:The physical signs that are portrayed by steroid users are extremelynoticeable. They include:Rapid weight gainAlterations in body composition, with marked muscle hypertrophyDisproportionate development of the upper torsoSevere acneNeedle marks in large muscle groupsDevelopment of male pattern baldnessGynecomastia (breast enlargement)Increased susceptibility to tendon strains and injuriesMore frequent hematoma or bruisingJaundiceElevated blood pressureHirsutism (abnormal development of facial / body hair)Atrophied breasts in femalesDeepening of the voice in femalesLegal penalties:The use of steroids can carry a maximum of 10 years in prison. Also afine can be imposed in addition to the jail sentence, or by itself. The finecan be as high as $250,000. Statistics:260,000 students in grades 7 to 12 either use or have used steroids. The American Heart Assoc. estimates at least half of all Division Icollege football players have used steroids over a substantial period oftime. Black market steroids are topping sales of $400 million per year. .u21a2f3d269822d12aba4ae4f82c9eb51 , .u21a2f3d269822d12aba4ae4f82c9eb51 .postImageUrl , .u21a2f3d269822d12aba4ae4f82c9eb51 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u21a2f3d269822d12aba4ae4f82c9eb51 , .u21a2f3d269822d12aba4ae4f82c9eb51:hover , .u21a2f3d269822d12aba4ae4f82c9eb51:visited , .u21a2f3d269822d12aba4ae4f82c9eb51:active { border:0!important; } .u21a2f3d269822d12aba4ae4f82c9eb51 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u21a2f3d269822d12aba4ae4f82c9eb51 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u21a2f3d269822d12aba4ae4f82c9eb51:active , .u21a2f3d269822d12aba4ae4f82c9eb51:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u21a2f3d269822d12aba4ae4f82c9eb51 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u21a2f3d269822d12aba4ae4f82c9eb51 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u21a2f3d269822d12aba4ae4f82c9eb51 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u21a2f3d269822d12aba4ae4f82c9eb51 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u21a2f3d269822d12aba4ae4f82c9eb51:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u21a2f3d269822d12aba4ae4f82c9eb51 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u21a2f3d269822d12aba4ae4f82c9eb51 .u21a2f3d269822d12aba4ae4f82c9eb51-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u21a2f3d269822d12aba4ae4f82c9eb51:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Fraternities And Gang Rape EssayOne million Americans, half of them adolescents use black marketsteroids. In order to obtain good muscle mass building a person may have to consume 10,000calories / day or the steroids will be useless. Social Issues